Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to treat hyperuricemia, gout, leukemia and lymphoma, and calcium oxalate calculi.
The FDA recommends screening for the HLA–B*5801 allele prior to starting allopurinol in at-risk patients (Asian including Han Chinese, Korean, Thai, and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ancestry).
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Alvimopan
Surgery
race-based monitoring
Alvimopan is an opioid antagonist used to accelerate gut mobility following surgeries that include partial bowel resection with primary anastomosis.
The FDA suggests monitoring for gastrointestinal adverse reactions in Japanese patients.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Carbamazepine
Neurology
race-based pharmacogenetic screening
Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy (partial seizures, generalized seizures, and mixed seizures) and trigeminal neuralgia.
The FDA recommends screening for the HLA-B*1502 allele prior to starting carbamazepine in at-risk patients (Asian ancestry).
BOXED WARNING
Eltrombopag
Oncology
race-based dose adjustment
Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor agonist used to treat thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia.
The FDA suggests the initiation of eltrombopag at half the usual dose in patients of East-/Southeast-Asian ancestry.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS, and MEDICATION GUIDE
Isoniazid
Infectious diseases
race-based indication
Isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat all forms of tuberculosis in which organisms are susceptible.
The FDA recommends isoniazid as preventive therapy for Black, Hispanic, and Native American patients. In addition, FDA warns that Black and Hispanic women are at increases risk of fatal hepatitis.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine (BiDil)
Cardiology
race-based indication
The combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride is used to treat heart failure.
The FDA recommends the combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine hydrochloride only for self-identified Black patients.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
Omeprazole
Gastroenterology
race-based dose adjustment
Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The FDA suggests dose reduction in Asian patients.
USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS and CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Oxcarbazepine
Neurology
race-based pharmacogenetic screening
Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy (partial-onset seizures).
The FDA recommends screening for the HLA-B*1502 allele prior to starting oxcarbazepine in at-risk patients (Han Chinese, Thai, Philippines and Malaysian populations).
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Pegloticase
Rheumatology
race-based pharmacogenetic screening
Pegloticase is a pegylated, recombinant uricase used to treat chronic gout refractory to conventional therapy.
The FDA recommends screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency prior to starting pegloticase in at-risk patients (African, Mediterranean including Southern European and Middle Eastern, and Southern Asian ancestry).
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Rasburicase
Oncology
race-based pharmacogenetic screening
Rasburicase is a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme used in the management of elevated plasma uric acid levels resulting from anti-cancer therapy.
The FDA recommends screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency prior to starting rasburicase in at-risk patients (African and Mediterranean ancestry).
BOXED WARNING and WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Rosuvastatin
Cardiology
race-based dose adjustment
Rosuvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to treat hypertriglyceridemia, primary dysbetalipoproteinemia, and familial hypercholesterolemia.
The FDA suggests the initiation of rosuvastatin at a lower dose in Asian patients.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Simeprevir
Gastroenterology
race-based dose adjustment
Simeprevir is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor used to treat chronic hepatitis C.
The FDA does not make a dose recommendation for patients of East Asian ancestry.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Simvastatin
Cardiology
race-based monitoring
Simvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease and hypercholesterolemia.
The FDA suggests increased monitoring for myopathy in Chinese patients.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Tacrolimus
Surgery
race-based dose adjustment
Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressant used for the prophylaxis of organ rejection in patients with organ transplants.
The FDA suggests that African American patients may need higher dosages to attain comparable concentrations compared to Caucasian patients. In addition, FDA warns that African American and Hispanic patients are at increased risk of post-transplant diabetes mellitus.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION, WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS, and USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Warfarin
Cardiology
race-based dose adjustment
Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant used to treat venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation, and stroke.
The FDA suggests dose reduction in Asian patients for initiation and maintenance of anticoagulation.